Flow in the Workplace: Experiencing Flow among Employees of Rehabilitation Centers
Keywords:
Flow, self-undermining, subjective happiness, intrinsic motivationAbstract
The aim of the study was to explore the flow experience among employees of rehabilitation centers (N = 90) in Tbilisi, Georgia, with respect to variables such as subjective happiness and self-undermining behavior. Correlational analysis revealed significant relationships between the three variables, while regression analysis showed that both self-undermining behaviors and subjective happiness significantly predicted flow perception at workplace. Flow was negatively related to self-undermining, while it had positive link with subjective happiness.
References
Bakker, A. B. (2005). Flow among music teachers and their students: The crossover of peak experiences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.11.001
Bakker, A.B. (2008). The work-related flow inventory: Construction and initial validation of the WOLF. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72, 400-414.
Bakker, A.B., & Wang, Y. (2020). Self-undermining behavior at work: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. International Journal of Stress Management,
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology. In Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8
Deci, E. L. (1992). On the Nature and Functions of Motivation Theories. Psychological Science, 3(3), 167–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00020.x
Delaney, M. L., & Royal, M. A. (2017). Breaking Engagement Apart: The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Engagement Strategies. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 10(1), 127–140. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2017.2
Delle Fave, A., Massimini, F., & Bassi, M. (2011). Psychological selection and optimal experience across cultures: Social empowerment through personal growth. Springer
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Research Report. 13(1), 81–84.
Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.4.653
Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1997). Measuring quality of life: Economic, social, and subjective indicators. Social Indicators Research, 40(1-2), 189–216. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006859511756
Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D. won, Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y
Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at Work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4), 384–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
Forgeard, M. J. C., Jayawickreme, E., Kern, M. L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Doing the Right Thing: Measuring Well-Being for Public Policy. International Journal of Wellbeing, 1(1),
Goodman, F. R., Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Kauffman, S. B. (2018). Measuring well-being: A comparison of subjective well-being and PERMA. Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434
, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2004). Well-being in the workplace and its relationship to business outcomes: A review of the Gallup studies. Flourishing: Positive Psychology and the Life Well-Lived., December 2013, 205–224.
Ignjatovic, C., Kern, M.L, Oades, L.G. (2021). Support at Work: Examining the Relationship Between Strengths Use and Flow at Work Among School Staff over a Three Year Period. Journal of Happiness Studies https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-021-00409-x
Jach, H. K., Sun, J., Loton, D., Chin, T. C., & Waters, L. E. (2018). Strengths and Subjective Wellbeing in Adolescence: Strength-Based Parenting and the Moderating Effect of Mindset. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(2), 567–586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9841-y
Kashdan, T. B. (2004). The assessment of subjective well-being (issues raised by the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire). Personality and Individual Differences, 36(5), 1225–1232.
Layous, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014). The How, Why, What, When, and Who of Happiness. Positive Emotion, 472–495. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199926725.003.0025
Liberman, V., Boehm, J. K., Lyubomirsky, S., & Ross,c L. D. (2009). Happiness and Memory: Affective Significance of Endowment and Contrast. Emotion, 9(5), 666–680. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016816
Lyubomirsky, S., Dickerhoof, R., Boehm, J. K., & Sheldon, K. M. (2011). Becoming happier takes both a will and a proper way: An experimental longitudinal intervention to boost well-being. Emotion, 11(2), 391–402. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022575
Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46(2), 137–155. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006824100041
Lyubomirsky, S., & Ross, L. (1997). Hedonic consequences of social comparison: A contrast of happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(6), 1141–1157. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1141
Mesurado, B., Cristina Richaud, M., & José Mateo, N. (2016). Engagement, flow, self-efficacy, and Eustress of University Students: A cross-national comparison between the Philippines and Argentina. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 150(3), 281–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2015.1024595
Preiser, S. & Ziessler, B. (2009). Extremausdauersport als Bewältigung von Lebensenttäuschungen? Report Psychologie, 34(5), 212-222.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141–166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological well-being: Meaning, measurement, and implications for psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289026
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 13–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0
Salanova, M., Bakker, A. B., & Llorens, S. (2006). Flow at work: Evidence for an upward spiral of personal and organizational resources. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-8854-8
Seligman, M. (2018). PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 333–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1437466
Seligman, M. E. P. (2000). Positive Psychology , Positive Prevention , and Positive Therapy.
Seligman, Martin E.P. 2011Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-being,
Seligman, M. E. P. (2012). New York What Works in Urban Schools.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2016). Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and well-being. NHRD Network Journal, 9(4), 106–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0974173920160420
Seligman, M. E. P., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2018). Pppersonalhistory.
Slemp, G. R., Kern, M. L., Patrick, K. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Leader autonomy support in the workplace: A meta-analytic review. Motivation and Emotion, 42(5), 706–724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-018-9698-y
The, R. (2013). flourishing . In T . B . Kashdan & J . Ciarrochi ( Eds .), Mindfulness , acceptance
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2014). Daily job crafting and the self-efficacy – Performance relationship. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(5), 490–507. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-05-2012-0148
Veenhoven, R. (1994). Is happiness a trait? Tests of the theory that a better society does not make people any happier. Social Indicators Research, 32(2), 101–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01078732
Walsh, L. C., Boehm, J. K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2018). Does Happiness Promote Career Success? Revisiting the Evidence. Journal of Career Assessment, 26(2), 199–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072717751441
Wilson, W. R. (1967). Correlates of avowed happiness. Psychological Bulletin, 67(4), 294–306. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024431
სეხნიაშვილი, თ. (2020). “სამუშაო კეთილდღეობის გავლენა თანამშრომელთა მოტივაციასა და თვითეფექტურობის განცდაზე ქცევითი თერაპევტების მაგალითზე“
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC-BY-NC), the author (s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution).
Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
1. Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
2. the right to use the substance of the article in future works, including lectures and books,
3. the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
4. the right to self-archive the article.
