Texas Journal of Philology, Culture and History
Texas Journal of Philology, Culture and History provides the opportunity to the authors to publish their original research articles in multidisciplinary field of Philology, Culture and History. Frequency of Publication: Monthly Acceptance Notification: 45 Days ISSN (Online): 2770-8608 doi Prefix: 10.62480
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The Study Of The Material And Spiritual Culture Of The Early Saka Tribes Of The Aral Sea Region In World Historiography: A Theoretical And Methodological Analysis
This article provides a theoretical and methodological analysis of the study of the material and spiritual culture of the early Saka tribes of the Aral Sea region-an integral and strategic component of the Eurasian steppe civilization-in world historiography. The research examines the decline of certain longstanding scientific paradigms regarding nomadic tribes, alongside the specific socio-economic adaptation, economic types, and social structure of Saka society. Based on the archaeological data from key regional sites such as Uygarak, Southern and Northern Tagisken, and Sakarchaga, the paper comparatively analyzes diverse scientific hypotheses concerning the genesis of the Sakas, their unique burial practices, and the origins of their visual arts. Furthermore, focusing on the Kuysay culture of the Sarykamysh region, it elucidates theoretical approaches regarding localized Saka groups and their cultural-technological interactions with southern sedentary agricultural oases
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The Artistic And Philosophical Interpretation Of The Dichotomy Between Material And Spiritual Values In American And Uzbek Literature
This article explores the dichotomy of “material” and “spiritual” values in American and Uzbek literature. The study focuses on the artistic interpretation of wealth, social status, fame, moral responsibility, dignity, conscience, and spiritual emptiness in selected literary works. In American literature, the issue is analyzed mainly through F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Babylon Revisited, where material prosperity is closely connected with the crisis of the American Dream, moral carelessness, and personal alienation. In Uzbek literature, the same problem is examined through Abdulla Qodiriy’s O‘tkan kunlar, Oybek’s Qutlug‘ qon, Erkin A’zam’s Momoqaldiroq ostida sayr, and Ulugbek Hamdam’s Muvozanat. The article argues that although American and Uzbek literatures belong to different cultural and historical contexts, both traditions reveal that material success loses its value when it is separated from spiritual maturity, ethical responsibility, and human dignity
Historical Development Of The Activities Of Educational And Cultural Institutions Of Kason District During The Years Of Independence
This article systematically analyzes the historical development stages of educational and cultural institutions in the Koson district of the Kashkadarya region during the years of independence. The problems of spiritual and educational crisis and outdated material and technical base inherited from the Soviet period, and the measures taken to eliminate them in the early years of independence are highlighted on the basis of archival documents and statistical indicators. Also, the modernization processes of general secondary schools, preschool education organizations, and cultural centers in the district in recent years are described in the form of textual analysis over the years
Meaning And Function In The English Word: Polysemy And Polyfunctionality
The following article examines the word as a fundamental unit of language, focusing on the semantic phenomenon of polysemy and its role in shaping meaning and communication. It provides a systematic analysis of polysemy in contrast to homonymy and explores how semantic variation enables lexical economy and contextual flexibility in English. Particular attention is given to the concept of polyfunctionality, which is treated as a grammatical phenomenon dependent on semantic multiplicity and realized through processes such as conversion and adjectivization. Drawing on established linguistic theories and illustrative examples, the article argues that polyfunctionality is possible only on the basis of polysemy, highlighting the interdependence of meaning and grammatical function in the structure of the English lexicon.
Social Changes In Uzbekistan Agriculture In The First Half Of The 20th Century (The Example Of Kashkadarya)
This article studies the social and economic transformations carried out by the central government in rural areas of Kashkadarya region. In the course of the research, the impact of the policy of kulakization and collectivization on the lives of the rural population, as well as the contradictions that arose between social strata, are scientifically analyzed. The article also highlights the relations that have arisen in the social consciousness of the population as a result of the reduction of individual peasant farms, large land ownership and the distribution of private land resources. The results of the research are aimed at analyzing from a deep scientific perspective how rural life is changing socio-economically and the complex impact of these processes on local lifestyles
Prospects Of Ethno And Gastronomic Tourism In The Kashkadarya Region
The article explores the prospects for the development of ethno- and gastronomic tourism in the Kashkadarya region. The study highlights the role of the region’s rich cultural traditions, folklore, handicrafts, and unique national cuisine in shaping its tourism potential. The paper emphasizes the importance of promoting ethno- and gastronomic tourism as a driver for economic growth, enhancing competitiveness in the international tourism market, and increasing employment opportunities for the local population
Customs And Everyday Life Of The Peoples Of Turkestan In The Late 19th Century
This topic explores the customs and everyday life of the peoples of Turkestan in the late 19th century. It examines social structure, family traditions, religious influence, economic activities, and cultural practices of different ethnic groups living in the region. Special attention is given to traditional occupations, housing, clothing, and rituals connected with important life events such as birth, marriage, and death. The study highlights how Islamic values and local traditions shaped the daily life and cultural identity of Turkestan’s population during this historical period.
The Problem Of Regional Disparity In Uzbekistan Football: Analysis Of Clubs, Stadiums, And Sports Schools By Regions
This article examines the problem of regional disparity in Uzbekistan football through an analysis of football clubs, stadiums, and sports schools across different regions of the country. The study explores inequalities in infrastructure, financial support, coaching quality, and youth development opportunities between urban and rural areas. Special attention is given to the impact of these disparities on player development and football competitiveness. The article also highlights existing reforms and proposes recommendations aimed at ensuring balanced and sustainable football development throughout Uzbekistan.
System Of Youth And Children’s Football In Uzbekistan: Historical Experience, Current Problems And Development Prospects
This article examines the system of youth and children’s football in Uzbekistan, focusing on its historical development, current challenges, and future prospects. The study analyzes the role of sports schools, football academies, infrastructure, and state support in improving young players’ training. Particular attention is given to regional disparities, shortage of qualified coaches, and organizational issues within the football system. The article also highlights international experience and proposes practical recommendations for strengthening youth football and increasing Uzbekistan’s competitiveness in world football
Lexical And Semantic Means Of Expressing Moral Support In English And Russian Languages
This article examines the lexical and semantic means of expressing moral support in the English and Russian languages. The study analyzes linguistic units, communicative expressions, and stylistic devices used to convey emotional encouragement, empathy, consolation, and psychological assistance in interpersonal communication. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of culturally specific and universal features of moral support in both languages. The research also explores the pragmatic and sociolinguistic aspects of supportive speech acts and their role in effective communication
THE EVOLUTION OF AMERICAN LINGUISTIC THOUGHT IN THE 20th CENTURY
This article explores the evolution of American linguistic thought throughout the 20th century, focusing on the major theoretical paradigms and methodological shifts that shaped the discipline. It examines the transition from early structuralism, represented by scholars such as Leonard Bloomfield, to the emergence of transformational-generative grammar introduced by Noam Chomsky in the mid-20th century. The study highlights how American linguistics moved from a behaviorist and empiricist framework toward a more cognitive and mentalistic approach, emphasizing the innate aspects of language acquisition. Furthermore, it considers the influence of interdisciplinary developments, including psychology, anthropology, and philosophy, on linguistic theory. Special attention is given to the role of descriptive linguistics in documenting indigenous languages and its impact on linguistic diversity studies. The article also analyzes how sociolinguistics and pragmatics emerged as important subfields toward the latter half of the century, reflecting broader social and cultural concerns. Overall, the research demonstrates that American linguistic thought underwent a profound transformation, laying the foundation for modern linguistic science and continuing to influence contemporary research in language theory and application
Dialectal Features Of The Speech Of Kazakhs In Uzbekistan And Their Socio-Linguistic Factors
This scientific article highlights the role of language as a complex system that expresses national identity, social consciousness, and cultural values. It also examines the significance of dialectology in studying the territorial variability of language, the dialectal system of the Kazakh language, and its historical and areal development features. The phonetic, lexical, and morphological characteristics of Kazakh dialects spoken in Uzbekistan, particularly the Tashkent Kazakh dialect, are analyzed from the perspective of contact linguistics. The article also scientifically discusses linguistic relations between the Uzbek and Kazakh languages, as well as processes of interference and convergence. The results of the research demonstrate that studying territorial linguistic variation, preserving dialects, and deepening the understanding of Turkic interlingual relations is of great importance
Myth As A Mechanism Of Othering And The Demonization Of Amir Timur In Early Modern English Literary Discourse
This article examines myth as a discursive mechanism that constructs “otherness” and contributes to the demonization of Amir Timur in Early Modern English literary discourse. Focusing primarily on Tamburlaine the Great by Christopher Marlowe, the study explores how mythological and symbolic elements reshape historical reality into a narrative of fear, excess, and cultural opposition. Drawing on postcolonial theory, particularly Orientalism by Edward Said, as well as discourse analysis, the research demonstrates how Timur is represented not as a complex historical figure but as an embodiment of the “Eastern Other.” The article argues that myth functions as an ideological tool that reinforces binary oppositions between East and West, civilization and barbarism. Ultimately, the study reveals how literary myth-making contributes to enduring cultural stereotypes and influences the reception of historical figures within Western literary tradition
Formation of Professional Speech Culture in Economics Students
The article examines the problem of forming professional speech culture in economics students, driven by modern requirements for specialists in the digital economy and globalization. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that an economist's successful professional activity is inextricably linked to effective communication and the ability to present analytical data persuasively. The paper defines the professional speech culture of an economist and identifies its key components: linguistic, communicative, and psychological. It analyzes the main challenges students face, such as inability to conduct business negotiations, fear of public speaking, and low business writing skills. Comprehensive methodological approaches to solving this problem are proposed and substantiated, including the integration of disciplines, the use of the case method, project activities, and specialized training. The author concludes that a systematic approach to developing speech competencies is an essential part of training highly qualified economists capable of working successfully in the modern business world
Transforming E-Learning Into A Personalized And Adaptive Environment With The Help Of Intellectual Learning Systems
The article analyzes the role of intelligent tutoring systems in transforming e-learning into a learner-centered and adaptive environment. The analysis showed that intelligent tutoring systems can transform e-learning from a simple content delivery system into an intelligent pedagogical environment operating on the basis of learner modeling, diagnosis, adaptive routing, rapid feedback, and individualized recommendations. At the same time, it was substantiated that the effectiveness of such systems depends not so much on the technology itself as on pedagogical design, data quality, the teacher’s role, ethical standards, and local content.
Alisher Navoi, recognized as one of the greatest poets, thinkers, and philosophers in the history of Central Asia, lived during the Timurid Renaissance, a period marked by cultural, intellectual, and artistic blossoming. His works, spanning poetry, prose, and treatises, manifest a profound engagement with metaphysical, ethical, and epistemological themes that place him among the seminal philosophers of the Islamic East. Navoi’s philosophical views, expressed through his literary masterpieces and treatises, reflect a synthesis of Islamic, Sufi, and Turkic traditions, infused with his remarkable originality, depth, and humanistic sensibility.
The Problem Of The Narrator In Short Stories (Example Of The Stories Of Togay Murad And Khurshid Dostmukhammad)
In this article, the problem of the narrator in the short story genre is analyzed theoretically and practically. The stories of Togay Murad and Khurshid Dostmukhammad reveal the artistic functions of the narrator, his relationship with the author and the reader, the degree of reliability, and psychological and aesthetic possibilities. As a result of the research, it is determined that the problem of the narrator in the works of both authors has been found in different artistic solutions
The Procedure Of Learning Uzbek Storytelling
This article analyzes the formation of Uzbek storytelling, its developmental stages, and the level of its scientific study. In particular, it highlights how the content, artistic features, genre nature, and stylistic features of Uzbek short stories were interpreted by scholars of different eras. The article pays special attention to the role of Uzbek short stories in reflecting social life, depicting the human psyche, the skill of creating artistic images, as well as issues of language and style. At the same time, the role of the short story genre in modern literature and its significance in the modern literary process are also highlighted. As a result of the research, the scientific study of Uzbek short stories is systematically summarized, and the relevance of research in this direction is justified. This article serves to summarize existing scientific views on the study of the short story genre in Uzbek literary studies, analyze them, and draw new scientific conclusions
Grammar as a Tool for Precision: Enhancing Technical Communication in Mathematics ESP
In the field of Mathematics, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) serves as the primary vehicle for global academic discourse. While lexical mastery of mathematical terminology is vital, the role of grammar as a foundational tool for precision is often undervalued. This article explores the symbiotic relationship between grammatical accuracy and logical rigor in mathematical English. It argues that specific grammatical structures—such as the passive voice, conditional clauses, and modal verbs—are not merely stylistic choices but essential instruments for defining theorems, describing algorithms, and maintaining objectivity. The study proposes a functional approach to teaching grammar within Mathematics ESP to bridge the gap between linguistic form and mathematical meaning.
The Degree Of Study Of The Medical Thriller Genre In World Literary Criticism
The medical thriller, as a distinct sub-genre of suspense fiction, has undergone a significant transformation from a "pulp" category to a sophisticated subject of academic inquiry. This article evaluates the current degree of scholarly engagement with the medical thriller in global literary criticism. It examines the genre’s evolution from Gothic roots to modern bio-technological narratives. The study highlights the linguo-poetic features—such as the aesthetic use of medical jargon—and the conceptual frameworks that define the genre's structure. Furthermore, it identifies the lack of comparative research in Uzbek philology and suggests a roadmap for integrating global medical-thriller discourse into the national literary context.
“Term” And “Terminology” In The Context Of Studying The Diplomatic Terminological System
The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of the concepts of “term” and “terminology” within the study of the diplomatic terminological system. It analyzes various scholarly approaches to defining a term, its structural and semantic features, and the criteria that distinguish terms from general vocabulary. Special attention is given to the specificity of diplomatic lexis as an integral part of the professional language of international relations. The study identifies the key characteristics of diplomatic terms, including their systemic nature, functional orientation, high degree of standardization, and dependence on political and legal contexts. The review of existing terminological theories provides a methodological basis for further research into diplomatic terminology as a coherent and dynamically evolving system. The results serve as a theoretical foundation for subsequent investigation into the structure, classifications, mechanisms of functioning, and evolution of the diplomatic terminological system
Expression Of Denotative And Connotative Meaning In The Translation Of Financial-Economic Texts
This article examines the representation of denotative and connotative meanings in the translation of financial and economic texts. The study focuses on how economic terms, formal expressions, evaluative units, and stylistic devices are rendered in translation with semantic accuracy. Although financial and economic texts primarily aim to convey precise conceptual and logical information, in some cases connotative meaning, including evaluation, expressiveness, pragmatic effect, and authorial attitude, also plays an important role. The article argues that denotative meaning is mainly realized through terminological precision and semantic equivalence, whereas connotative meaning emerges through context, style, discourse environment, and pragmatic function. In addition, the paper illustrates, with examples, such issues as semantic loss, stylistic neutralization, excessive generalization, and weakening of emotionalexpressive coloring in the translation of financial and economic units between English and Uzbek. The study concludes that in the translation of financial and economic texts, not only terminological consistency but also the preservation of the communicative-pragmatic load of the text is an essential condition for translation adequacy.
Internal Political Administration In The Khiva Khanate In The Late 18th And Early 19th Centuries
In this article, the author examines the characteristics of the system of internal political administration that developed in the Khiva Khanate in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
The Eastern Motif In 18 Th-Century German Dramaturgy
This study is devoted to the examination of Eastern motifs in 18th-century German dramaturgy. The focus is on the process of formation and artistic interpretation of the image of the East in the works of German playwrights of the Enlightenment era. The paper analyzes the features of representing Eastern culture, philosophy, and aesthetics, as well as their influence on the development of theatrical art in Germany. Special attention is given to the interpretation of exotic plots, images, and symbols that were used by authors to express the moral, political, and cultural ideas of their time. The research highlights the role of Eastern themes in broadening the artistic horizons of German dramaturgy and their contribution to intercultural dialogue in the 18th century
The divan compiled by Faqiri, a poet and representative of the Khorezm Jadid movement, is preserved in the manuscript collection of the Abu Rayhan Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. This article examines, alongside the ghazals, rubai, and mukhammas contained in the divan, the place, quantity, and significance of other genres - masnavi, musaddas, murabba, and works in different poetic forms written on the same theme. Because this divan was written in Faqiri's own hand, that is, it is an autograph manuscript, it should be regarded as a highly reliable source for studying the ideological and artistic features of the poet's work. The divan reflects the poet's creative output from the late nineteenth century up to 1914-1915 and serves as the main object of this research
Modeling The Concept Of Time In Russian And Uzbek Linguocultures: A Cognitive-Axiological Approach
The article is devoted to the study of the concept of time in Russian and Uzbek linguocultures from the perspectives of cognitive linguistics and linguoculturology. The theoretical foundations of concept modeling, its axiological function, and methods of its indirect measurement through linguistic representations are examined. The empirical basis of the study is constituted by data obtained from an associative survey of native speakers. The comparative analysis demonstrates the combination of the universality of the temporal category with the national specificity of its interpretation
Thematic Features of Epigrams in English and Karakalpak Poetry
This article examines the differences between epigrams in English and Karakalpak poetry, with a concentration on the writings of A. Pope, W. Blake, and I. Yusupov. The study analyzes how epigrams may be used to communicate moral judgement, expose hypocrisy, and criticize social behavior by examining a few chosen examples. In all literary traditions, particular focus is placed on the intellectual depth, stylistic methods, and subject breadth of epigrams. Satire, moral and ethical reflection, social critique, and philosophical reflection are the four primary themes identified by the research. The results show that epigrams in English and Karakalpak literature serve similar purposes, such as satire, didacticism, and philosophical reflection, despite variations in historical and cultural context.
Understanding the Problem of Time in the Short Stories of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
This paper examines the understanding of the problem of time in the short stories of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. It analyzes the features of the artistic representation of time, its connection with the inner state of the characters, and social changes in society at the end of the nineteenth century. Special attention is paid to how the writer reveals the transience of life, spiritual stagnation, and the conflict between the past, present, and future through everyday situations and the destinies of the characters. The study shows that the category of time in Chekhov’s works serves as an important means of revealing the psychological depth and philosophical richness of his prose
Key Trends In Supply Peace And Restoration
"Holy Motherland, it is an honor to protect it!" ideas about the important principles of the idea and the factors of civic duty were put forward.
To promote and inculcate the ideas of patriotism
Overcoming Global Problems And Development Strategies
The article expresses an opinion about globalization processes in today's world, in particular, youth education and social protection of the needy in the family, neighborhood and educational institutions, strengthening the idea of patriotism through pedagogical education.